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简介: pop()从数组中删除最后一个元素,并返回这个元素的值。arrayObject.pop()\n示例:varnames=["令狐冲","任盈盈","岳不群"

有关数组的常用方法,数组的方法

pop()从数组中删除最后一个元素,并返回这个元素的值。

arrayObject.pop()\n

示例:

varnames=["令狐冲","任盈盈","岳不群","林平之","任我行","东方不败"];\nconsole.log("原数组:",names);\n\n//删除数组元素\nnames.pop();\nconsole.log("删除元素后的数组:",names);\n

输出:

原数组:["令狐冲","任盈盈","岳不群","林平之","任我行","东方不败"]\n删除元素后的数组:["令狐冲","任盈盈","岳不群","林平之","任我行"]\npush() ***

push() *** ,用于将一个新元素添加到数组中的最后,并返回新的数组长度。

arrayObject.push(newelement1,newelement2,...,newelementX)\n

newelement1是必需的,要添加到数组的之一个元素,newelement2和newelementX都是可选参数,前者要添加到数组的第二个元素,后者是可以添加多个元素。

向数组中添加一个元素,新增的元素会插入到数组最后一个位置:

varnames=["令狐冲","任盈盈","岳不群","林平之","任我行","东方不败"];\nconsole.log("原数组:",names);\n\n//向数组中添加一个元素\nnames.push("IvenEric");\nconsole.log("新增元素后的数组:",names);\n

输出:

原数组:["令狐冲","任盈盈","岳不群","林平之","任我行","东方不败"]\n新增元素后的数组:["令狐冲","任盈盈","岳不群","林平之","任我行","东方不败","IvenEric"]\nsort() ***

sort() *** 是最强大的数组 *** 之一,它是以字母顺序对数组进行排序的。

array.sort(sortfunction)\n

示例:

varnames=["杨过","小龙女","郭靖","黄蓉","郭襄","程英","陆无双","公孙绿萼","公孙止","金轮法王"];\nconsole.log("原数组:",names);\nnames.sort();\nconsole.log("排序后的数组:",names);\n

输出:

原数组:["杨过","小龙女","郭靖","黄蓉","郭襄","程英","陆无双","公孙绿萼","公孙止","金轮法王"]\n排序后的数组:["公孙止","公孙绿萼","小龙女","杨过","程英","郭襄","郭靖","金轮法王","陆无双","黄蓉"]\n

注意哟,默认sort()函数按照字符串顺序对值进行排序。如果是对数字排序的话会产生不正确的结果,例如31大于100,因为3比1大。

我们可以通过一个比值函数来解决这个问题:

varnumbers=[11,85,3,90,20,-3,24,17,16,23];\nnumbers.sort(function(a,b){returna-b});\nconsole.log(numbers);\n//输出:[-3,3,11,16,17,20,23,24,85,90]\n

这样就可以实现对数字的升序排序,如果要实现降序排序,可以使用b-a。

reverse() *** 用于反转数组中的元素,也就是逆向排序。

array.reverse()\n

示例:

使用降序对下面的数组进行排序:

varnames=["杨过","小龙女","郭靖","黄蓉","郭襄"];\nconsole.log("原数组:",names);\nnames.sort();\nconsole.log("升序排序后的数组:",names);\nnames.reverse();\nconsole.log("降序排序后的数组:",names);\n

输出:

原数组:["杨过","小龙女","郭靖","黄蓉","郭襄"]\n升序排序后的数组:["小龙女","杨过","郭襄","郭靖","黄蓉"]\n降序排序后的数组:["黄蓉","郭靖","郭襄","杨过","小龙女"]\nshift() ***

shift(),删除之一个数组元素并返回这个元素的值,将所有其他元素移位到较低的索引。

arrayObject.shift()\n

示例:

varnames=["令狐冲","任盈盈","岳不群","林平之","左冷禅","岳灵珊","任我行","东方不败"];\nconsole.log("原数组:",names);\nconsole.log(names.shift());//删除数组元素并返回被删除的元素值\nconsole.log("删除一个元素后的元素:",names)\n

输出:

原数组:["令狐冲","任盈盈","岳不群","林平之","左冷禅","岳灵珊","任我行","东方不败"]\n令狐冲\n删除一个元素后的元素:["任盈盈","岳不群","林平之","左冷禅","岳灵珊","任我行","东方不败"]\nunshfit() ***

unshfit() *** ,用于在开始时向数组添加一个新元素,并取消移位较旧的元素。

arrayObject.unshift(newelement1,newelement2,...,newelementX)\n

示例:

vararr1=newArray();\narr1[0]="Jackson";\narr1[1]="Ivenoy";\narr1[2]="Ericor";\narr1[3]="Arthor";\nconsole.log("原数组:",arr1);\nconsole.log("新增元素后的数组长度:",arr1.unshift("William"));\nconsole.log("新增元素后的新数组为:",arr1);\n

输出:

原数组:(4)["Jackson","Ivenoy","Ericor","Arthor"]\n新增元素后的数组长度:5\n新增元素后的新数组为:(5)["William","Jackson","Ivenoy","Ericor","Arthor"]\nsplice() ***

splice() *** 常用于将新项目添加到数组中,返回一个已删除项目的数组。

array.splice(index,howmany,item1,...itemX)\n

index必需参数,规定从何处添加或者是删除元素,它是开始时的元素下标且必须是数字,howmany和item1、itemX是可选参数,前者规定应该删除多少元素同样也必须是数字(可以是0),后者是要添加到数组的新元素。

varnames=["王语嫣","李逍遥","张无忌","周芷若"];\nconsole.log("原数组:",names);\nnames.splice(1,0,"东方不败","金毛狮王");\nconsole.log("添加元素后的数组:",names);\n

输出:

原数组:["王语嫣","李逍遥","张无忌","周芷若"]\n添加元素后的数组:["王语嫣","东方不败","金毛狮王","李逍遥","张无忌","周芷若"]\nslice() ***

slice() *** 可以将一个数组切成一个新数组,可以从已有数组中返回选定的元素,但是并不会从原数组中删除任何元素。

array.slice(start,end)\n

start必需参数,规定从什么地方开始选取,如果是负数,那么则规定从数组尾部开始算起的位置;end可选参数,规定从何处结束选取,它是数组片段结束处的数组下标。

varnames=["王语嫣","李逍遥","张无忌","周芷若","东方不败"];\nconsole.log("原数组:",names);\nvarsliNames=names.slice(0,2);//(0,2)表表示元素起始位置(包含元素)和结束位置(不包含元素)\nconsole.log("切割后的数组",sliNames);\n

输出:

原数组:["王语嫣","李逍遥","张无忌","周芷若","东方不败"]\n切割后的数组["王语嫣","李逍遥"]\nconcat() ***

concat() *** 用于合并数组,通过合并连接现有数组来创建新的数组(不会改变原有数组,只是返回一个新数组),可以采用任意数量的数组参数。

string.concat(string1,string2,...,stringX)\n

示例:

vararr1=["xkd","summer"];\nvararr2=["Jack","Mark"];\nconsole.log("数组1:",arr1);\nconsole.log("数组2:",arr2);\n//合并数组\nvartwoArr=arr1.concat(arr2);\nconsole.log("合并后的数组为:",twoArr);\n

输出:

数组1:["xkd","summer"]\n数组2:["Jack","Mark"]\n合并后的数组为:["xkd","summer","Jack","Mark"]\n

合并多个数组,需要使用逗号将数组进行分隔:

vararr1=["xkd","summer"];\nvararr2=["Jack","Mark"];\nvararr3=["小飞侠","大侠"]\n\nvarmergeArr=arr1.concat(arr2,arr3);\nconsole.log("合并后的数组为:",mergeArr);\n//合并后的数组为:["xkd","summer","Jack","Mark","小飞侠","大侠"]

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